Tuesday, May 29, 2007

Futility

Psalm 78 has a terrible warning. Speaking of the Hebrews in the desert of Zin, it says,

32 In spite of all this, they kept on sinning;
in spite of his wonders, they did not believe.

33 So he ended their days in futility
and their years in .

Futile days pass when no great purpose commands them. The years they constitute are terrifying when they are ended and nothing left but God's wrath. Save me from them. Remove the back-brace of unbelief.

Genesis 16 - Hagar

Since returning from Journey to the Heart in early April, I have had a project. The project is to scrawl out the "book of the Law" (Genesis through Deuteronomy) in composition notebooks. Today's chapter was Genesis 16, about Sarai's maidservant Hagar, whom she gave to Abram to produce a child, since God had closed up Sarai's womb.

1 Now Sarai, Abram's wife, had borne him no children. But she had an Egyptian maidservant named Hagar; 2 so she said to Abram, "The LORD has kept me from having children. Go, sleep with my maidservant; perhaps I can build a family through her."

Abram was the man who believed God's promise of a son from his own body, so that God credited his faith as righteousness, in chapter 15. He, at age 85, went along with the idea.

Abram agreed to what Sarai said.
3 So after Abram had been living in Canaan ten years, Sarai his wife took her Egyptian maidservant Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. 4 He slept with Hagar, and she conceived.
Hagar got 'uppity' around Sarai, because even though her was to build a family though her son, Sarai herself would be the last of her line, supplanted by Hagar.

When she knew she was pregnant, she began to despise her .
5 Then Sarai said to Abram, "You are responsible for the wrong I am suffering. I put my servant in your arms, and now that she knows she is pregnant, she despises me. May the LORD judge between you and me."

6 "Your servant is in your hands," Abram said. "Do with her whatever you think best." Then Sarai mistreated Hagar; so she fled from her.

So Hagar fled. I don't know what Sarai wanted (except a child), but she is ruining one thing after another.

7 The angel of the LORD found Hagar near a spring in the desert; it was the spring that is beside the road to Shur. 8 And he said, "Hagar, servant of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?"
"I'm running away from my Sarai," she answered.

9 Then the angel of the LORD told her, "Go back to your and submit to her." 10 The angel added, "I will so increase your descendants that they will be too numerous to count."

One question has been rolling around in my brain like a rock since dinner-time: Why did God have pity on Hagar?

You might say God was showing his kindness and faithfulness to Abram's descendants (Ishmael). But it shows me that God is not a petty tribal deity in the book of Genesis. He takes note of the helpless everywhere, and -- reveals himself. Does he always? I don't know, because I only have my own experience and what's recorded in the Bible. God must somehow show his glorious attributes in everything he does, and the helpless should know that he is their shield.

He was a shield for Hagar, even though she was an Egyptian slave woman. He was a shield for Job, who lived in the land of Uz. He was worshiped by Melchizedek, king of Salem, and by Abimelech king of the Philistines at Gerar. There was nothing even special about Abram: he came from the land of the Chaldeans (Babylonians).

So does God still love the Arabs (Ishmaelites)? Yes, God still loves the Arabs.


Question 2: Why did the angel tell Hagar to go back to Sarai?

Bringing her back under authority, even a cross old lady, was part of God's mercy.


Here's the rest of the angel's message.

11 The angel of the LORD also said to her:
"You are now with child
and you will have a son.
You shall name him Ishmael, [a]
for the LORD has heard of your misery.

12 He will be a wild donkey of a man;
his hand will be against everyone
and everyone's hand against him,
and he will live in hostility
toward [b] all his brothers."

I don't get what's so desirable about being a wild donkey. Maybe it ensures that, like Esau, you won't stay under anyone's domination. (By the way, Ishmael means 'God hears'.)

I like the next part especially.

13 She gave this name to the LORD who spoke to her: "You are the God who sees me," for she said, "I have now seen [c] the One who sees me." 14 That is why the well was called Beer Lahai Roi [d] ; it is still there, between Kadesh and Bered.

P.S.

15 So Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne. 16 Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore him Ishmael.



Saturday, December 09, 2006

Constant love needs an eternal end

Nehemiah 9:32-33

"Now therefore, O our God, the great, mighty and awesome God, who keeps his covenant of love, do not let all this hardship seem trifling in your eyes--the hardship that has come upon us, upon our kings and leaders, upon our priests and prophets, upon our fathers and all your people, from the days of the kings of Assyria until today. In all that has happened to us, you have been just; you have acted faithfully, while we did wrong."

Eliz. Barret Browning, Sonnets from the Portuguese XIV

If thou must love me, let it be for nought
Except for love's sake only. Do not say
I love her for her smile--her look--her way
Of speaking gently,--for a trick of thought
That falls in well with mine, and certes brought
A sense of ease on such a day
--
For these things in themselves, Belovèd, may
Be changed, or change for thee,--and love, so wrought,
May be unwrought so. Neither love me for
Thine own dear pity's wiping my cheek dry,--
A creature might forget to weep, who bore
Thy comfort long, and lose thy love thereby!
But love me for love's sake, that evermore
Thou may'st love on, through love's eternity.

We love because He first loved us

Elizabeth Barret Browning, Sonnets from the Portuguese XII

Indeed this very love which is my boast,
And which, when rising up from breast to brow,
Doth crown me with ruby large enow
To draw men's eyes and prove the inner cost,--
This love even, all my worth, to the uttermost,
I should not love withal, unless that thou
Hadst set me an example, shown me how,
When first thine earnest eyes with mine were crossed,
And love called love. And thus, I cannot speak
Of love even, as good thing of my own:
Thy soul hath sn@tched up mine all faint and weak,
And placed it by thee on a golden throne,--
And that I love (O soul, we must be meek--)
Is by thee only, whom I love alone.

Tuesday, November 21, 2006

Copper price graphs



Graphics:

From London Metals Exchange website, http://www.lme.co.uk/dataprices_pricegraphs.asp

Price graph with values: copper, Jan. 1 2001-Nov. 21 2006, 3 months buyer contract.

Price graph with values: copper, Jan. 1-Nov. 21 2006, 3 months buyer contract.



Copper 3-months buyer contracts on LME

Monday, August 07, 2006

Current reading




Right now I'm reading:

Reclaiming Surrendered Ground by Jim Logan

The New Testament (last read 1 Thess.)

Friday, July 21, 2006

I pray that out of his glorious riches, He may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith. And I pray that you, being rooted and established in love, may have power, together with all the saints, to grasp how wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ, and to know this love that surpasses knowledge -- that you may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God.
Ephesians 3:16-19

This morning I go in for my CLA exam. Two ninety-minute tests today, and three tests tomorrow. If you read this, pray that I will be calm during the tests, and remember the important things, and manage time well. Today's tests are partly composed of hand-written essays (legal memoranda), which are a great challenge. But why should I worry? It's for my good, whether I pass or not.

Thursday, June 29, 2006

commenting and trackback have been added to this blog.

Distant friendship and internet discourse

I've been intrigued by the Rebelution's new post about cell phone use and misuse, since I can speak philosophically from much experience with related subjects. I commented thus:

In one way, ubiquitous cell phone use decreases responsible independency: if you're always asking someone else's opinion, you won't make judgment calls on your own.

I don't use a cell phone, although my parents do. I've never had txting; I ran the IM run-around the last year I did debate, mostly to communicate with my partner who lived too far away to visit often. It became addicting, and I'm glad to leave it alone (as I'm sure you are too, Brett). Lonely people use IM like they do email to look for affirmation and companionship; they don't really want to give it unless it is necessary for the above goal, or to imitate the manners of others. The other time I've used it was when I spent a month teaching English in China, and welcomed real-time conversations with someone familiar (my family and a couple friends).

Forums (or should it be fora?) are useful when limited by subject matter. HSD is fine while you are competing in the league, as long as you keep a Christian spirit. To incessantly te controversy corners turns is a distortion of the perspective of the original forum... which was to facilitate preparation for speaking, not an end in itself.

However, the main danger of discoursing with unbelievers (or those like them) on matters of moral significance is not that you will assimilate ungodly ideas, although that does happen. The first and main danger is of tracing ungodly patterns of speech and heart. The ideas can be resisted by willpower and bullying. The attitudes are created by willpower and bullying. You can't win as long as these are your constant companions. The same thing goes for friends met in other conTEXTs. "...[Y]ou may learn his ways and get yourself ensnared." (Prov. 22:25)

Other purposes for communication make online messaging useful. My dad uses a Cabinet Makers Association forum to exchange tips for woodworking.

The advantage of letter-writing comes from having more time to think of what to say, learning to ask important questions, anticipating needs, and putting more thought into the words.
Read the diary of John Quincy Adams and the letters among his family while he was in his teens.

Email loops, in my experience, are more on point than forums or chat rooms, because they preserve the letter-writing form rather than the tavern-style forum. This is at least partly because list participants don’t have a specific location to give the illusion of face-to-face colloquialism. Did I just liken an online forum to a tavern? A prettier comparison is the committee meeting or conference call, but the real prototype is the Socratic restroom graffiti dialogue (an ancient Mediterranean tradition).

An email list is also useful because it is subject-oriented. If you read Scott Turow’s autobiographical novel One L, you find Harvard Law School in the 1970s an extremely competitive environment. The only way for spoiled egos to gain recognition is by excelling at legal knowledge, so students give themselves heart and soul to extra research, outlines, and study groups.

In the same way, reading email from fellow enthusiasts of bird watching or Biblical Greek, cooking or cabinet making, literature or law, microbiology or Milton, Middle East or Middle Ages, mechanics or mathematics, monetary policy or music, will bring vitality to problems in that area of life. You will spend half an hour researching the deductibility of business expenses because someone asked about it. If the question were instead found in the back of your textbook, you would have guessed at it and flipped to the answer. Learning has a social element you can’t replace, which is why my distance-learning paralegal classmates and I started a Yahoo group.

Having friends to email only when I’m thinking on a certain topic is useful, but at the same time, it would be wrong to call someone a friend with whom I don’t share many good things of life. How can I meet an Internet friend’s needs when he is neglecting his family to talk with me? I would thus make the costliest friends those under my own roof with whom I do owe a duty of care. I’d then say befriend those in my neighborhood and church, where I know I can give to them physically as well as spiritually.

Social life has a learning element. Will you learn of good or ill? With fellow disciples of Jesus, discuss those interests that feed the spirit rather than the flesh. Also discuss those topics that will make you more valuable to your employer. Hobbies are wonderful when they involve family, as G.K. Chesterton points out in his Autobiography (ch. 2). The house should always be bigger on the inside than on the outside. But as Chesterton wrote also in Heretics (ch. 17),

What we really desire of any man conducting any business is that the full force of an ordinary man should be put into that particular study … We do not in the least wish that our particular law-suit should pour its energy into our barrister’s games with his children, or rides on his bicycle, or meditations on the morning star. But we do, as a matter of fact, desire that his games with his children, and his rides on his bicycle, and his meditations on the morning star should pour something of their energy into our law-suit.

A man’s love for God should pour out into his work as he serves an earthly master – or teacher. Thus, there is nothing better than for a man to find satisfaction in his life’s work. Side interests ought to make one more useful rather than less useful. Social life should contribute to both godliness and contentment, thereby producing great gain.

Countrysides I've visited

I've been to the United States, Mexico, and China.












create your own visited country map




These are the states I've visited. Most of them rolled by on a family road trip in 1997. We were homeless for five months.











create your own personalized map of the USA

Monday, June 26, 2006

Hymnody

Quit pounding sand over the puposelessness and worldliness of popular Christian music, and visit Christopher Alexander's blog Hymnody to learn standards of good music and the history of musical trends in Western Civilization and Christendom.

Coplas (Kingston Trio)

Yet another song from the Kingston Trio. This version of a Mexican courting song is absurdly entertaining to hear.

Coplas

Chile verde me pediste. Chile verde te dare.
Vama nos para la huer ta con al la te lo cortare.
(Tell them what it means then)
"You want green peppers?(Si!) I'll give you green peppers.
Come out to the garden." ("Coplas!")

Chorus:
Lai, lai, lai, lai, hum de lai, lai, lai, hum de lai, lai, lai,
lai. Lai, lai, lai, hum de lai, lai, lai, hum de lai, lai, lai

Dice que los de fu casa. Ninguno me puede ver.
Diles que no basta el agua que al cabo lahan do beber.
"Tell your parents not to muddy the water around us." ("Porque?")
"They may have to drink it soon!" ("Coplas!")

Chorus

La mula que yo mente la monto hoy mi compadre.
Eso a mi no me importa pues yo la mon te primero. ("Oivey!")
"Ah, so! You are surprised I speak your language.
You see, I was educated in your country… at U. C. R. A." ("Coplas!")

Chorus

La noche que me case. No pudde dormirme un rato.
Por estar toda la noche corriendos detras de un gato. (Meow!)
Me dejiste que fue un gato. Que entro por tu balcon.
Yo no visto gato prieto con sombrero y pantalon!
"On my wedding night, I did not sleep a wink. ("Porque?")I
spent the whole night chasing a cat that had come in over the balcony…. (Meow!)
wearing a sombrero and long pants!" ("Coplas!")

Desert Pete

This song was recorded in the late 1950s by folk revivalists the Kingston Trio. It is my favorite out of their "Greatest Hits v. 2", which me and my brother have listened to about ten times last week. "Desert Pete" might seem conducive to Kierkegaardian fideism, but is actually very close to reality. See, e.g., Elijah and the widow at Zarephath in 1 Kings 17. You can drink the last drop and lose your soul, or believe the gospel, give your life now and receive living water. Just leave a bottle for the next traveller to prime the pump. The well is not a mirage.

Desert Pete

I was travelin' west to Buckskin on my way to a cattle run,
'cross a little cactus desert under a hot blistering sun.
I was thirsty down to my toenails, stopped to rest me on a stump,
but I tell you I just couldn't believe it when I saw that water pump.

I took it to be a mirage at first. It'll fool a thirsty man.
Then I saw a note stuck in a bakin' powder can.
"This pump is old," the note began, "but she works. So give 'er a try.
I put a new sucker washer in 'er. You may find the leather dry.

Chorus:
You've got to prime the pump. You must have faith and believe.
You've got to give of yourself 'fore you're worthy to receive.
Drink all the water you can hold. Wash your face, cool your feet.
But leave the bottle full for others. Thank you kindly, Desert Pete.

Yeah, you'll have to prime the pump, work that handle like there's a fire.
Under that rock you'll find some water I left in a bitters jar.
Now there's just enough to prime it with, so don't you go drinkin' first.
You just pour it in and pump like mad, buddy, you'll quench your thirst.

Chorus

Well, I found that jar, and I tell you, nothin' was ever prettier to my eye
and I was tempted strong to drink it 'cause that pump looked mighty dry,
but the note went on, "Have faith, my friend, there's water down below.
You've got to give until you get. I'm the one who ought to know.

So I poured in the jar and started pumpin' and I heard a beautiful sound
of water bubblin' 'n' splashin' up out of that hole in the ground.
I took off my shoes and I drunk my fill of that cool refreshin' treat.
I thanked the Lord, and I thanked the pump, and I thanked old Desert Pete.

Chorus

You Gotta Have A Fiddle In The Band

If You're Gonna Play In Texas (You Gotta Have A Fiddle In The Band)

I remember down in Houston
We were puttin' on a show
When a cowboy in the back stood up and yelled, "Cotton-Eyed Joe"
He said, "We love what you're doin' boys don't get us wrong
There's just somethin' missin' in your song"

So we dusted off our boots and put our cowboy hats on straight
Them Texans raised the roof when Jeff opened up his case
You say y'all wanna two-step you say ya wanna doe-si-doe
Well, here's a fiddlin' song before we go

Chorus:
If you're gonna play in Texas,
You gotta have a fiddle in the band.
That lead guitar is hot, but not for "Lousiana Man".
So rosin up that bow for "Faded Love" and let's all dance.
If you're gonna play in Texas,
You gotta have a fiddle in the band.

Wednesday, June 14, 2006

Emanations of Beauty

Why does physical beauty affect the mind? Because it is an emanation of the spiritual excellence of Christ.

Jonathan Edwards, "EXCELLENCY OF CHRIST", 1723. Works of Jonathan Edwards Online, eds. Harry S. Stout, Kenneth P. Minkema, Caleb J.D. Maskell, 2005-. http://edwards.dev.oho.com/ref/9191/e/p/1

§108. EXCELLENCY OF CHRIST. When we behold a beautiful body, a lovely proportion, a beautiful harmony of features of face, delightful airs of countenance and voice, and sweet motion and gesture, we are charmed with it; not under the notion of a corporeal, but a mental beauty. For if there could be a statue that should have exactly the same, could be made to have the same sound, and have the same motions precisely, we should not be so delighted with it; we should not fall entirely in love with the image, if we knew certainly that it had no perception or understanding. The reason is, we are apt to look upon this agreeableness, these airs, to be emanations of perfections of the mind, and immediate effects of internal purity and sweetness. Especially it is so, when we love the person for the airs of voice, countenance and gesture; which have much greater power upon us, than barely colors and proportion of dimensions. And 'tis certainly because there is an analogy between such a countenance and such airs, and these and those excellencies of the mind-a sort of I know not what in them, that is agreeable and does consent with such mental perfections-so that we cannot think of such habitudes of mind without having an idea of them at the same time.


Nor can it be only from custom, for the same dispositions and actings of mind naturally beget such kind of airs of countenance and gesture; otherwise, they never would have come into custom. (I speak not here of the ceremonies of behavior, but of those simple and natural motions and airs.) So it appears, because the same habitudes and actings of mind do beget airs in general the same, amongst all nations in all ages.


And there is really likewise an analogy, or consent, between the beauty of the skies, trees, fields, flowers, etc. and spiritual excellencies; though the agreement be more hid and requires a more discerning, feeling mind to perceive it than the other. These have their airs too, as well as the body or countenance of man, which have a strange kind of agreement with such and such mental beauties. This makes it natural in such frames of mind to think of them, and fancy ourselves in the midst of them. Thus there seems to be love and complacency in flowers and bespangled meadows; this makes lovers delight so much in them. So there is a rejoicing in the green trees and fields, [and] majesty in thunder, beyond all other noises whatever.

Now we have shown [No. 104], that the Son of God created the world for this very end, to communicate himself in an image of his own excellency. He communicates himself properly only to spirits; and they only are capable of being proper images of his excellency, for they only are properly beings, as we have shown. Yet he communicates a sort of a shadow or glimpse of his excellencies to bodies, which (as we have shown) are but the shadows of being, and not real beings. He who by his immediate influence gives being every moment and by his Spirit actuates the world, because he inclines to communicate himself and his excellencies, doth doubtless communicate his excellency to bodies, as far as there is any consent or analogy. And though beauty of face and sweet airs in man are not always the effect of the corresponding excellencies of mind, yet the beauties of nature are really emanations, or shadows, of the excellencies of the Son of God.

So that when we are delighted with flowery meadows and gentle breezes of wind, we may consider that we only see the emanations of the sweet benevolence of Jesus Christ; when we behold the fragrant rose and lily, we see his love and purity. So the green trees and fields, and singing of birds, are the emanations of his infinite joy and benignity; the easiness and naturalness of trees and vines [are] shadows of his infinite beauty and loveliness; the crystal rivers and murmuring streams have the footsteps of his sweet grace and bounty. When we behold the light and brightness of the sun, the golden edges of an evening cloud, or the beauteous bow, we behold the adumbrations of his glory and goodness; and the blue skies, of his mildness and gentleness. There are also many things wherein we may behold his awful majesty: in the sun in his strength, in comets, in thunder, in the towering thunder clouds, in ragged rocks and the brows of mountains. That beauteous light with which the world is filled in a clear day, is a lively shadow of his spotless holiness and happiness, and delight in communicating himself.

And doubtless this is a reason that Christ is compared so often to those things and called by their names; as, the sun of righteousness, the morning star, the rose of Sharon and lily of the valleys, the apple tree amongst the trees of the wood, a bundle of myrrh, a roe, or a young hart. By this we may discover the beauty of many of those metaphors and similes, which to an unphilosophical person do seem so uncouth.

In like manner, when we behold the beauty of man's body in its perfection, we still see like emanations of Christ's divine perfections, although they do not always flow from the mental excellencies of the person that has them. But we see far the most proper image of the beauty of Christ, when we see beauty in the human soul.

Corol. 1.
From hence 'tis evident that man is in a fallen state, that he has naturally scarcely anything of those sweet graces, which are an image of those which are in Christ; for no doubt, seeing that other creatures have an image of them according to their capacity, so all the rational and intelligent part of the world once had according to theirs.

Corol. 2. There will be a future state, wherein man will have [those graces] according to his capacity. How great a happiness will it be in heaven, for the saints to enjoy the society of each other! For if one may see so much of the loveliness of Christ in those things which are only shadows of being (with what joy are philosophers filled in beholding the aspectable world), how sweet will it be to behold the proper images and communications of Christ's excellencies in intelligent beings, having so much of the beauty of Christ upon them as Christians shall have in heaven. See No. 112.

Monday, May 22, 2006

Quotes from the '70s

Bona fide obligation of contracts

Strong, J. (maj. op.) Olcott v. Fond du Lac County, 83 U.S. 678, 690 (1872)
This court has always ruled that if a contract when made was valid under the constitution and laws of a State, as they had been previously expounded by its judicial tribunals, and as they were understood at the time, no subsequent action by the legislature or the judiciary will be regarded by this court as establishing its invalidity. Such a rule is based upon the highest principles of justice. Parties have a right to contract, and they do contract in view of the law as declared to them when their engagements are formed. Nothing can justify us in holding them to any other rule.

Limitations of a republican State

Miller, J. (maj. op.), Citizens' Saving & Loan Ass'n v. Topeka 87 U.S. 655, 662-63 (1874)
It must be conceded that there are such rights in every free government beyond the control of the State. A government which recognized no such rights, which held the lives, the liberty, and the property of its citizens subject at all times to the absolute disposition and unlimited control of even the most democratic depository of power, is after all but a despotism. It is true it is a despotism of the many, of the majority, if you choose to call it so, but it is none the less a despotism. It may well be doubted if a man is to hold all that he is accustomed to call his own, all in which he has placed his happiness, and the security of which is essential to that happiness, under the unlimited dominion of others, whether it is not wiser that this power should be exercised by one man than by many. The theory of our governments, State and National, is opposed to the deposit of unlimited power anywhere. The executive, the legislative, and the judicial branches of these governments are all of limited and defined powers.

There are limitations on such power which grow out of the essential nature of all free governments. Implied reservations of individual rights, without which the social compact could not exist, and which are respected by all governments entitled to the name. No court, for instance, would hesitate to declare void a statute which enacted that A. and B. who were husband and wife to each other should be so no longer, but that A. should thereafter be the husband of C., and B. the wife of D. Or which should enact that the homestead now owned by A. should no longer be his, but should henceforth be the property of B.

Tax for private use is theft

Miller, J. (op. cit.)
To lay with one hand the power of the government on the property of the citizen, and with the other to bestow it upon favored individuals to aid private enterprises and build up private fortunes, is none the less a robbery because it is done under the forms of law and is called taxation. This is not legislation. It is a decree under legislative forms. Nor is it taxation.

Courts are not the guardians of unenumerated rights

Clifford, J. (diss. op.) Citizens' Saving & Loan Ass'n v. Topeka
Courts cannot nullify an act of the State legislature on the vague ground that they think it opposed to a general latent spirit supposed to pervade or underlie the constitution, where neither the terms nor the implications of the instrument disclose any such restriction. Such a power is denied to the courts, because to concede it would be to make the courts sovereign over both the constitution and the people, and convert the government into a judicial despotism.


Thursday, May 18, 2006

Should history textbooks instill "a sense of pride"?

This L.A. Times commentary makes the grade.

PC textbooks full of skewed history

California has tinkered with the past in a foolish attempt to make students feel good about themselves.

By Diane Ravitch, DIANE RAVITCH is a historian of education at New York University, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and author of "The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn."
May 16, 2006

TWENTY YEARS AGO, I was invited by then-State Superintendent of Public Instruction Bill Honig to join a committee to revise California's history curriculum. Over 18 months, we produced a document that added more time for the study of American and world history and called for the teaching of the dramatic controversies that make historical study engaging and honest.

Immediately, however, a wide variety of religious, racial and ethnic groups demanded changes in the document to recognize and honor their history. Blacks, Jews, Native Americans, conservative Christians, Arabs, atheists, Armenians, Poles and others lined up to complain at public hearings about references to their groups.

What made their complaints powerful is that California, unlike any other state, has mandated by law since 1976 that instructional materials used in the schools must provide positive portrayals of specified groups.

When it comes to males and females, for instance, the Legislature decreed that "equal portrayal must be applied in every instance." That means, among other things, that an equal number of male and female characters must be depicted in "roles in which they are mentally and physically active, being creative, solving problems … " and that male and female characters in textbooks must show a "range of emotions (e.g. fear, anger, tenderness.)"

California's textbooks and other materials must instill a "sense of pride" in students' heritages and may not include "adverse reflection" on any group. Cultural or lifestyle differences may not be portrayed as "undesirable." Members of minority groups must be shown "in the same range of socioeconomic settings" as those in the majority.

And it's not just gender and ethnicity that is "protected." Older people, people with disabilities and people who pursue various occupations have been written into the law.

So it's not surprising that in recent months gays and lesbians have stepped forward to demand a place at the state's capacious table. They too want their roles to be portrayed positively in textbooks purchased by the state. And frankly, they've got a point. In view of the state's broad inclusion of every other group in its list of those deserving such treatment, the state has no principled reason to exclude any new claimant.

Just a few months ago, Hindu organizations appeared before the state Board of Education complaining that they were offended by references to their religion in the history textbooks — including descriptions of the caste system and depictions of the treatment of women (one group wanted a reference to the fact that women had "fewer" rights in ancient India changed to say that women had "different" rights). Even though scholars insisted that the historical references were accurate, the organizations objected that their religion had been subjected to an "adverse reflection."

Because of its social-content guidelines, California will never see an end to these rancorous debates about who wins recognition in the textbooks. And each time, whatever California decides will have a huge effect. Because California contains nearly 12% of U.S. school enrollment, every major textbook publisher tailors its products to meet the state's specifications and then sells that product in other states.

It is time to recognize that the problem is not the nature of the group demanding inclusion, but the fact that the state has arrogated the power to dictate how textbooks should be written.

The state's social-content guidelines should be abolished. They put the state Board of Education into the absurd position of deciding which facts are historically accurate and which should be included or excluded, a responsibility for which it is manifestly unqualified. The guidelines are an open invitation to interest groups to politicize textbooks.

Telling publishers that their books must instill pride only guarantees a phony version of feel-good history. Publishers, as a result, bend over backward to be positive, whether writing about the genocidal reign of Mao Tse-tung (presumably to avoid offending his admirers) or the unequal treatment of women in Islamic societies (to avoid offending Muslims).

Certainly, textbooks should accurately portray society in all its complexity. But to impose contemporary political requirements on how the events are portrayed only ensures that the history we teach our students is inaccurate and dishonest. History books have already grown larger and duller to accommodate every group's demands.

What the state should expect of publishers is that they produce books that are as honest and accurate as possible. Such narratives would be far likelier to instill humility, a recognition of human folly, an understanding of conflict and differences and a sense of our common humanity rather than a sense of pride.

Tuesday, April 25, 2006

From Rosenberg to Schiavo

William Orville Douglas is remembered as a liberal justice on the Supreme Court, a maverick on the post-FDR Court. Perhaps our history since his heyday has belied the constancy of a term like "liberal". The year-old case of Terri Schiavo, a brain-damaged wife whose life ebbed away because of her husband Michael's petition to remove her feeding tube, was hailed by liberals as a victory for self-determination and the discretion of family members against a prying government. The Supreme Court on March 24, 2005 refused to grant a stay of enforcement.


A major question was whether Terri's life should be upheld even though there was hearsay evidence that she had, prior to her brain injury, not wanted to be kept alive in such a helpless state. Was this hearsay evidence sufficient?

In his autobiography Justice Douglas recounts from his 36 years on the high court his experience with an earlier but reminiscent situation.

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The Rosenberg Case


"Joseph McCarthy flourished for about a year after Eisenhower became President. It was during this time that the Rosenberg case arose. Julius Rosenberg and his wife, Ethel, were prosecuted for espionage on the charge that they had procured atomic secrets for Soviet Russia. They were convicted in a New York federal court and sentenced to de_th. Their convictions were sustained by the Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court denied certiorari, Mr. Justice Black and I voting to grant.

In June 1953, as the Court was about to adjourn for the summer, new lawyers entered the case and applied to the Court for a stay of . Emanuel H. Bloch, counsel for the Rosenbergs, had never raised the question as to the impropriety of the de_th sentence because the conditions specified in the intervening Atomic Energy Act of 1946 had not been satisfied.... When it came to us in June 1953, it was a brand-new issue never once raised previously in the protracted litigation.

....One Edelman was the "next friend" who... filed a writ of habeas corpus in the Rosenberg case, accompanied with a motion for a stay. I did not grant the writ, only the motion; and it was my motion that the entire Court considered when it met in Special Term on June 18.

....I call the ambiguity in the act the "key" point as far as the de_th penalty was concerned because of what Judge Jerome Frank later told me. It was he who wrote for the Court of Appeals sustaining the convictions in 1952. He said that the "key" point had never been raised prior to the "next friend" application to me and that if my stay had not been vacated and my ruling had reached the Court of Appeals, as it would have, there was no doubt that the Court of Appeals would have held that the imposition of the de_th sentence was improper.

Deciding on the Motion


The practice in processing an application for a stay is to refer it to the Circuit Justice, who in this case was Jackson. But the lawyers, hearing that I was leaving the city for the Far West the next morning, presented the application to me, as this was Tuesday and the Rosenbergs were to die on Thursday. This was, in other words, the last chance to present the application to me....

I accordingly set down the application for a hearing in my chambers. That was Tuesday, June 16, 1953. After hearing the oral argument, I was deeply troubled. The point presented had never been considered by any court that reviewed the case. It was briefly the following: the Rosenbergs were charged with a conspiracy that ran from 1944 to 1950. At the time the conspiracy started, the relevant statute, the Espionage Act of 1917, provided for the de_th penalty. In 1946, while the alleged conspiracy was still under way, Congress, to ameliorate the punishment, amended the law in the Atomic Energy Act so as to make the de_th penalty applicable only in case the jury recommended it. In the Rosenberg case the jury had made no such recommendation; and the trial court had proceeded on the ground that only the original act was applicable. So the question was analogous to the case in which, while a burglar was entering a house, the penalty for burglary was lightened. Which penalty should be applied, the heavier or the lesser one?

The Rosenberg case was an aggravated application of that principle, as human lives were at issue. (It is elemental law, in Continental Europe as well as in the Anglo-American world, that any ambiguity in a law should be resolved in favor of life, not against it.) The problem was, theoretically speaking, interesting, but what made it loom large was the fact that the incriminating evidence against the Rosenbergs, as revealed in the record, were events happening after the 1946 amendment that ameliorated the punishment.

“A Powder Keg”


Washington was a powder keg. Pro-Rosenberg pickets were picketing the White House; and anti-Rosenberg pickets were picketing the pickets. A crowd was milling around the Supreme Court building. Our police told me that two hundred newsmen and photographers were inside waiting for me. At one o'clock in the morning I went out a back door and drove my car to Fred Vinson's apartment. After I told him I had almost decided to issue the stay, we talked for an hour. He tried to dissuade me, and I finally decided to sleep on the matter and come up with a decision in the morning.

I took a hotel room and slept late. Before noon the next day (Wednesday, June 17) I issued the stay and left town by car for the Far West. Before I left Washington, while I was still considering the stay application, I had received a telegram from my hometown of Yakima which stated the mood of the country: "If you grant the Rosenbergs a stay, there will be a l_nching party waiting for you here." I had wired back: "If there is to be a Yakima l_nching party you'll have to furnish your own whiskey."

My first stop was to be Collinsville, Illinois.... I had left the Chief Justice a memo telling him the route I was following and my destination. I was on that route when dusk overtook me not far south of Pittsburgh. I saw a motel, stopped and registered, and while I was moving my bags inside I had the car radio on, listening to a symphony. Suddenly the music stopped and a voice announced that the Chief Justice had called a Special Term of Court for noon the next day to review my stay of .

I called my secretary, Mrs. Edith Allen, at once to see if the news was correct. She told me it was, and on inquiry advised me that Vinson had never tried to reach me, as he easily could have by alerting the state police of Pennsylvania. An eight-man Court would sit the following day to review my action! I told Mrs. Allen to inform the Chief that I'd be there.
"

The Court Years: 1939-1975, pp. 79-81.

_______________________________________


There are obvious differences between Schiavo and Rosenberg. The Rosenbergs' punishment was a government action and directly controlled by 5th Amendment due process. Schiavo was not a criminal, which means she had more rights than the Rosenbergs. The similarities, however, are plainer than the differences. There was major public outcry from both sides as the Supreme Court considered a stay. Both cases evidenced harsh animosity by those in favor of de_th. Both cases saw the triumph of that animosity. Both cases featured a fundamental ambiguity in law or in fact. And both cases sorely needed the wisdom to recall that elemental principle of law: that any ambiguity in a law should be resolved in favor of life, not against it.

It matters not how unpopular the petitioner is. For Douglas's efforts, many in the House of Representative sought his impeachment. Liberal or no, Justice Douglas has here set a precedent we ought to follow.

Sunday, April 23, 2006

Luther on the Gospel

The following quotes are taken from Martin Luther's 1520s sermon entitled "Christ’s answer to the question John asked him, his praise of John, and the application of this gospel." I was listening to this sermon on mp3, and transcribed the sentences that truly impressed me.
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Where Christ is, there surely the gospel will be preached, but where the gospel is not preached, there Christ is not present.

Moreover, if one’s life is bad, it should be strange indeed if he should preach right. He would always have to preach against himself, which, he will hardly do without additions and foreign doctrines.

Just as God acknowledges no law besides the Law of Moses and the writings of the prophets, he makes no promises except through Christ alone…. There is no book in the Bible in which both are not found. God has always placed side-by-side both law and promise, for he teaches by the law what we are to do, and by the promises, whence we shall receive power to do it.

Extol faith and exercise love: faith receives the good works of Christ; love bestows good works on our neighbor.

Who stumbles at Christ? All who teach you to do works instead of teaching you to believe; those who hold forth Christ to you as a lawmaker and a judge, and refuse to let Christ be a helper and a comforter, torment you by putting works before and in the way of God, in order to atone for your sins, and to merit grace.

For God demands of us no other work that we should do for him than to exercise faith in Christ. With that, he is satisfied, and with that we give honor to him as to one who is merciful, longsuffering, wise, kind, truthful, and the like. After this, think of nothing else than to do to your neighbor as Christ has done to you, and let all your works together with your life be applied to your neighbor.

Is Wisdom on your blogroll?

Proverbs 8 depicts a young lady with a heart for hospitality. She also loves to teach. She lives with her sister Prudence. Miss Wisdom is building and furnishing her house, setting her table, going to much trouble, and then running out to the intersection to invite guests. She calls the simple. She calls the fools. She calls the ignorant. I did something similar when my family went to Pioneer Courthouse Square in Portland to pass out blankets and Bibles to the homeless men and women this February. Temperature was just above freezing. A friend and I accompanied Mrs. Vandermeer, going up and down streets, asking loiterers if they know someone who needs a blanket, coat, or something hot to drink. Telling them it's over at the Square. This is what Miss Wisdom does. Where is this table she's set? That's the beauty of it -- it's set every morning at 6:30 in my dining room. The Bibles are there every morning. Who are these simpletons Miss Wisdom wants to entice? Me and you.

God has a message for me and you. The problem is, we don't know to look hard for it. That's why Miss Wisdom, aka the Holy Spirit, keeps pounding the streets, and why our dads continue to get the Bibles out each morning. Do you ever get the feeling that what you're reading doesn't apply to you? Or burn inside when your sister sweetly asked how you were going to personally apply the verse you picked out? Well, there's good news on the second count. It's just you and God this time, and he's got all the time in the world to help you come up with an application. As to the first, there are several reasons the scripture might seem dry.

1. You're not really paying attention when it's not your turn to read. Your seven-year-old sister is taking ten seconds to sound out the third word in a 32 word paragraph; your other sister pinches you for covering up her page so she couldn't give out the word, take over the paragraph, or skip the names; you're looking up a cross-reference; your brother kicked your sister under the table.

2. You've been reading over the verses too fast. Sure you participated in Bible time, but you already saw these verses last year, and the part about living by the spirit and your flesh being because of sin still is about as enlightening as the motherboard to the old computer your brother dismantled last month.

3. You have all kinds of distracting thoughts. If you get right down to it, what you're imagining is sinful, but you don't know how to deal with it other than superimposing a cross, biting your tongue, and reminding yourself that "in Christ" you really aren't like that. In fact, you've gotten very good at ignoring that voice that says you should confess it to your parents and ask them to pray for you -- after all, that voice is just another emotion. You should practice self-control and purpose not to be swayed by it.

I know about all these reasons, because they have been true of me in recent years, weeks, and hours. They may be true of you as well. Examine closely what Miss Wisdom says, because these words were inspired by God. She tells us to choose her instruction over choice silver. To search for it as for hidden treasure. She also tells us how:

"Blessed is the man who listens to me,

watching daily at my doors,

waiting at my doorway." (Prov. 8:34)

Many my age have "friends" who write very cool and stimulating blogs. We subscribe to these, so we can get an annoying email every time they post anew. We also have very cool acquaintances, who occasionally post something about what they are doing or thinking, and we look forward to those emails because it brings us closer to their minds (even if they don't know it). However, unlike some of your online friends, Miss Wisdom has worthy things to say. Your parents won't ask who it is when you check up on her latest post.

Proverbs assures us that "He who finds a wife finds what is good, and receives favor from the Lord." (Prov. 18:22) There is one other verse in there that parallels that guarantee, and it is gotten by equally diligent (and exciting) means. Your parents know that when you seek wisdom that way, she says, "whoever finds me finds life and receives favor from the LORD. But whoever fails to find me harms himself; all who me love ." (Prov. 8:35-36) Subscribe to Wisdom's blog. It will bring you closer to the mind of Jesus Christ.

Now, since those three earlier problems are still up there, keeping us from making a solid connection with wisdom, I want to give some suggestions for each.

During Bible time, if you're unwittingly getting a sidetracked focus, sit up! Recall what Paul told his friend Tim: train yourself to be godly. Think of the rewards that God promises for godliness, both in this life, and the life to come. (1 Tim. 4:7-8) He, with a great cloud of witnesses, is watching you now, and so will the whole world at judgment day. Think of how you are affecting your siblings -- do you want them to act like you in two years? By then they might be bigger than you. (I've experienced this when roughhousing with my brother, who's now almost fifteen.) Daily concentration during Bible time takes an honest effort, but its rewards are just as real. It's just like the results of brushing teeth consistently. Isn't it a relief when the dentist says you have zero cavities this time? Train yourself to be focused on the wisdom in the pages.

Just as we saw in the last paragraph with Paul's advice to Timothy, God always has something to say to us. If you are struggling with something new, this is your chance to exercise a brand-new weapon. But you don't know what that weapon is unless you have it in your pack when Apollyon swoops down to the path in front of you. And you won't know how to use the weapon unless you handle it during spare moments, puzzle over it, and keep it shined. That's why you should memorize. You have to think hard about it. Romans chapter 8 appeared to have little to do with my situation until I started unhooking each sentence and replicating it in my mind. It seemed like a lot of comforting metaphysics. Chapter 7 appeared terribly depressing on the first quick read through. But when I have them memorized I can understand why I can't conquer sin without the Holy Spirit. I can agree that the wages of sin is and know what those wages look like.

Por ejemplo, tonight I reluctantly began to work on my life purpose with Mom and Dad. In the course of it, though, a long-suppressed, horrifying thought came to my mind. In the past, I have struggled with . I am so glad to be redeemed from it yet so ashamed to have given way to it, that it would be unthinkable that God would want people with the same struggle to be my field of ministry. Right? I kept pushing it out of my mind. But Mom kept asking me, "So what are you thinking?" Finally, finally I told her. It's gotten a little bit easier with practice. We discussed it more, and Dad and Mom reminded me that God equips those he calls, and his plan might not be what I think -- but the most important thing is to seek his will wholeheartedly, and find identity in him. Half an hour later, a verse came to mind, which epitomized the conversation. "You did not receive a spirit that makes you a slave again to fear, but you received the Spirit of sonship." (Rom. 8:15) I was jumping for joy. Train yourself to keep God’s word before your eyes.

The third obstacle we mentioned is unconfessed sin. It distracts us, taking at least a third of our mental RAM and blocking the way for further growth until it is resolved. Let me say first off, that if the voice is God's Spirit, it will become more effective as you read more scriptures. The Bible is full of commandments that tell us how to gain forgiveness. If you keep on ignoring them, your heart will become hard and unfeeling. By quenching God's Spirit, you are draining your own lifeblood and vitality. You are trading a lifetime of grace for a moment's pride. By writing off the temptation and the conviction as inconsequential, you are making your own personhood inconsequential -- nothing ultimate will be accessible. On the other hand, the Holy Spirit is faithful to give us opportunity to repent and to confess our sins when we humble ourselves. That grace was purchased on the cross, by a suffering that was undeserved. Ask for it.

"You, however, are controlled not by the sinful nature but by the Spirit, if the Spirit of God lives in you.

And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Christ.

But if Christ is in you, your body is because of sin, yet your spirit is alive because of righteousness.

And if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the is living in you, he who raised Christ from the will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who lives in you." (Rom. 8:9-11)

The Holy Spirit is the most immediate proof that God is real, and his salvation genuine. I realized this when I was in China to teach English. While praying in my dorm, I realized (and remarked to my roommate) that the words coming from my mouth were nothing I could have prayed if I was faking it: it was the Holy Spirit praying in me and interceding. So listen to the Spirit, and obey when he confronts you with a commandment that you don't like. Quote the commandments and promises to yourself. In fact, rejoice that you now have a new verse that applies directly to you. In my case, it has been was humbling myself to confess how I had given way to the sinful nature. With it came a new appreciation for God's love expressed through my parents, and God's grace in new fellowship with his Spirit and a desire to memorize scripture so I won't sin in the future. And while memorizing Romans 6-8, I have realized how Jesus' and resurrection apply to me. Train yourself to be spiritually-minded.

Listen to what Paul says about the call of Miss Wisdom. "Those who live according to the sinful nature have their minds set on what that nature desires; but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires. The mind of sinful man is , but the mind controlled by the Spirit is life and peace; the sinful mind is hostile to God." (Rom. 8:5-7) Think hard about this verse. Live according to the Spirit and set your mind on what the Spirit desires. Search for wisdom tomorrow morning at Bible time. Cry aloud for understanding. Peer for knowledge about God like the poor guys who pay $450 for three days in a rustic cabin 30 miles from Grant's Pass to mine for bits of placer gold.[1] Of course they won't get rich, it’s only a retreat. But we can do it every day. That's the way to please God. It's the only way to find a pleasure stronger than sin. Do this and get life and peace. Isn't Wisdom the only blog worth subscribing to?



[1] “Getting to Know… Dave Rutan: Gold mining host.” The Reflector (Battle Ground, WA) p. A3 (3/22/06)